Tuguegarao is a 3rd-class city and capital of the province of Cagayan in the Philippines. It is the regional and institutional center of Cagayan Valley region. The city, on the southern border of the province, is located where the Pinacanauan River empties into the Cagayan River and is surrounded by the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, Cordillera Mountains to the west, and the Caraballo Mountains to the south. The population of the city as of the May 1, 2010 census is 138,865 people. Most inhabitants are Ilokano, Ibanag, Tagalog, and Itawes. Some are of Chinese and Indian descent. The highest temperature ever recorded in the Philippines -- 42.2 °C (108.0 °F)—was recorded in Tuguegarao on April 29, 1912 and again on May 11, 1969. Average temperature during March and April is 38 °C (100 °F), one of the highest in the country.